Have you ever wondered how a solar panel works? We will talk about the elements that compose it and the technical foundations that allow solar panels in operation to produce electrical energy from sunlight. We are witnessing a true boom in photovoltaic solar energy thanks to three factors:
Structure of solar panelsThe main part of a photovoltaic panel is the photovoltaic cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. This is where the process of transforming sunlight into electrical energy occurs. The rest of the components of the solar panel are aimed at grouping, isolating, and protecting the set of photovoltaic cells, as well as serving as a container frame that facilitates their placement and installation. Each solar panel is made up of several photovoltaic cells with the same characteristics, which are assembled in horizontal rows forming a square or rectangle. Above the photovoltaic cells, a glass front cover is placed that is intended to protect the set of photovoltaic cells, which are the most sensitive element of the panel. It is tempered glass with low iron content, resistant, and capable of protecting cells from atmospheric agents. In turn, the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated in layers of plastic and insulating material, to reinforce them and so that they are not in direct contact with each other. The structure of the solar panels is complemented by an aluminum metal frame that gives consistency and unity to the set of cells. This metal frame is used to fix the anchors that hold it to the structure that raises the panels on the ground or to the metal rails that fix it to the roof. The rear protection panel is a sheet made of thermoplastic polymers highly resistant to rain and sun. It is used to isolate the photoelectric cells from inclement weather. They are usually white to favor the reflection of sunlight. The electrical connection box is where all the cables that connect the photovoltaic cells and that conduct electricity to the outside are spliced. It also serves to interconnect the different photovoltaic panels with each other. Operation of a solar panelThe operation of a solar panel is based on the principle known as the photoelectric phenomenon. With this phenomenon, the photons (light energy) emitted by the sun are converted into electrical energy thanks to the use of semiconductor materials such as silicon, present in most solar panels. Not all light energy is converted into electrical energy. Only a part undergoes this transformation. Hence, we have more or less efficient panels depending on the degree of conversion. Photovoltaic cells can be monocrystalline when they use a single crystal, or polycrystalline when they have small crystallized particles. We also have amorphous cells, when the silicon has not crystallized. The efficiency of a cell will depend on the size and thickness of the crystal. The most efficient may be around 22% transformation, while the least efficient would be around 10%. The energy produced in a solar panel is continuous, but thanks to a device called an inverter, we can convert it into a 220-volt alternating current, which is the one that is usually used. Photovoltaic panels have become a great ally in the fight against climate change. They also serve so that countries like Spain depend less on the importation of polluting energies. Besides, they have a great application in remote places where there is no conventional electricity supply. For all this, it is worth knowing how solar panels in Texas works.
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